Explain and Evaluate Psychodynamic and Humanistic Approaches Assignment

Explain and Evaluate Psychodynamic and Humanistic Approaches - Assignment Example There are the following categories in this approach: the psychoanalysis, analytical psychotherapy (named after Alfred Adler), Self Psychology (Heinz Kohut) and others (Brief Psychodynamic Therapy). Psychodynamic psychologists claim that human behavior is determined by three different parts of human psyche: id (biological drives), ego and superego. Unconscous is between the last two categories. Basically, the original theory of Sigmund Freud is that the main conflicts in human life were rooted in the human existence itself. These processes exert influence on human behavior subconsciously. The main principle of psychodynamic approach is that unconscious helps people to be better aware of an individual’s needs and behavior. Therefore, human beings are able to follow the way conflicts influence our lives. Another approach of Alderian psychotherapy is directed on people’s ability to overcome their emotions and feelings. It is also possible to direct clients’ striving for the social sphere or another kind of a human activity. Thus, people are able to change their behavior, correct their mistakes, behaviors and feelings. This approach of psychodynamics is based on a constant encouragement of individuals to reach confidence; a feeling of self-protection and self-enhancement and thus they would be able to make essential social contributions. Carl Jung is another representative of psychodynamic approach. His ideas are based on the important role of unconscious in the life of an individual, though he broadened his vision and added issues of mythology, concepts of culture etc. Thus, in accordance with the ideas of Jung, an individual has to achieve harmony of conscious and unconscious. Psychopathology developed by Heinz Kohut refers to the important role of childhood reminiscences in the life of an individual. The formation of a conscious self occurs in the process of projection of childhood’s reminiscences in the adulthood. Real life applicatio n of the theory It should be noted that in the real life this approach is applicable for any individual and this approach is considered to be rather effective. Psychological pathologies and irrational behavior of a client may be effectively treated with the help of psychodynamic approach. Nevertheless, such drawbacks as a lack of individual’s reminiscences from his past may prevent success of the therapy. Research methods Methods of psychodynamic approach are often criticized. Psychologists usually interpret data that support evident facts. Moreover, methods lack objectivity, because can be interpreted in a different manner. Psychodynamic approach is based on theoretical constructs, which are hard to interpret (e.g. unconscious). Still, the main advantage of this approach is its uniqueness in determining irrational human behavior. â€Å"Cure talking† of this approach is effective in irrelevant behavior correction (Chapter 7—Brief Psychodynamic Therapy). Humanist ic approach in psychology Humanistic psychotherapy implies a wide range of various issues related to a patient, such as his mind, body and spirit. The main difference of this approach from other psychological approaches is making an emphasis on subjective meaning and focus on positive change and not on pathology. Moreover, humanists underline the importance of subjective concerns in behavior of an individual. It also implies that each patient has his own abilities of self-healing. Abraham Maslow is the most important

Patent report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Patent report - Essay Example The PaperTab combines thin-film display and thin-film input that incorporates computing technologies made possible by the intuitive interaction design in that the plastic displays are transformational in terms of interaction as they can allow interaction of humans with electronic paper as they are thinner and offer standard glass displays. For patency to subsist there must be some conditions that must be met according to the regulations set by the agency concerned with patency in Canada. These three requirements for the patentability of a product include the fact that the product must have what is known as novelty, inventive step and industrial application. According to The World Intellectual Property Organization (2002), novelty questions outlines that support the invention claimed by a particular person or body and is important that the courts or law enforcement agencies make a comparison between the state of the art to the invention itself. Under this, there is often the problem o f establishing what has been referred to as ‘state of the art’ and the law provides that all matters or patents must be made public inclusive of those that are still pending. It is required that persons intending to patent a product must also disclose their time and geographical limits while for international patents, it was a requirement that the translation requirements are followed and applied to the letter. Public disclosure of the product of the patent in this case the phone must be in a manner that makes it available to the public and must be sufficiently clear to everyone (Berman 2002). It is also important to note that the disclosure of the patent must be sufficiently appreciated by all those concerned whereby it should be ensured that if the procedure which ends up producing the substance is part of the state of the art, so is the substance made by the procedure (Norman, 2011). Further, there must be a distinction drawn between the disclosure of a product and t he disclosure for use. The requirement of Inventive Step for patentability is provided and incorporates the obviousness test in as provided by the common law test of Cripps Test (Slusky, 2007). It should be found whether a reasonable man on whom patent law should apply would in general knowledge have come up without any difficulty to the solution brought forward by the patent. The parties involved in patenting must identify the inventive concept whereby it should be assumed that a person is the normally skilled but unimaginative person with skills in the art and with the common knowledge in the art at the date that as a priority. It is also important that any differences are identified between the invention and the matter that is claimed to be already known whereby it is questioned whether the differences are so obvious to anyone skilled in the art or whether they would have required an invention. Under Industrial Application, the important factor is to find out whether the ideas ca me before their time, or that the patented product was used or made in the industry. This is regardless of whether the product in this case the phone was made for profit or gain but excludes personal or private activities and determines the usefulness or utility of the product and its technical effect. From the foregoing argument it is important that the